Signature forgery via unchecked nested ASN.1 elements
Published Sep 3, 2026 · Updated Sep 3, 2026
Improper signature verification in Digital Bazaar Forge 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to forge RSA signatures for arbitrary messages. The RSA verification path accepts a nested DigestAlgorithm sequence with extra children because ASN.1 validation ignores unconsumed elements and only the outer DigestInfo count is checked. An attacker must supply a crafted signature to a consuming application that verifies it with a low-exponent RSA public key; acceptance can subvert integrity decisions based on the signed message.
Summary
What happened
Improper signature verification in Digital Bazaar Forge 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to forge RSA signatures for arbitrary messages. The RSA verification path accepts a nested DigestAlgorithm sequence with extra children because ASN.1 validation ignores unconsumed elements and only the outer DigestInfo count is checked. An attacker must supply a crafted signature to a consuming application that verifies it with a low-exponent RSA public key; acceptance can subvert integrity decisions based on the signed message.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2026-85393
- Published
- Sep 3, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 3, 2026
- Vendor
- Digital Bazaar
- Product
- Forge
- Classifications
- CWE-347
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Sep 3, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Sep 3, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=0 <=1.4.0
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 end-to-end forgery demonstrationproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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