CVE-2026-77337Network attack vector

Authentication bypass via forgeable legacy cookie tokens

Published Aug 24, 2026 · Updated Aug 24, 2026

Cookie authentication bypass in affected CakePHP Authentication releases allows remote attackers to impersonate users via forged legacy tokens. CookieAuthenticator accepted an attacker-supplied username/hash pair and verified the supplied hash without restricting its algorithm, so DES truncation made legacy tokens forgeable. Exposure requires CookieAuthenticator without EncryptedCookieMiddleware; high-cost bcrypt or Argon2 hashes also exhaust CPU or memory during verification.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cookie authentication bypass in affected CakePHP Authentication releases allows remote attackers to impersonate users via forged legacy tokens. CookieAuthenticator accepted an attacker-supplied username/hash pair and verified the supplied hash without restricting its algorithm, so DES truncation made legacy tokens forgeable. Exposure requires CookieAuthenticator without EncryptedCookieMiddleware; high-cost bcrypt or Argon2 hashes also exhaust CPU or memory during verification.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-77337
Published
Aug 24, 2026
Updated
Aug 24, 2026
Vendor
CakePHP
Product
CakePHP Authentication
Classifications
CWE-770, CWE-290, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 24, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 24, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.11.2
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 3.0.0, < 3.3.7
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0, < 4.2.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

CakePHP · CakePHP Authenticationversion=< 2.11.2; version=>= 3.0.0, < 3.3.7; version=>= 4.0.0, < 4.2.1

Published CVSS scores

10.0CakePHP GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
9.1GitHub CNACVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CWE-290Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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