Kernel panic via stale ipset refcount decrement
Published Aug 26, 2026 · Updated Aug 27, 2026
A refcount race in the Linux kernel netfilter ipset component allows local users to crash the system via concurrent list:set cleanup and swaps. The __ip_set_put_byindex() path resolves an index under RCU, then decrements a stale set pointer after ip_set_swap() can exchange the indexed set and its reference count. CAP_NET_ADMIN for IPSET_CMD_SWAP is required, but a user namespace can grant it without init-namespace root; the demonstrated outcome is a kernel panic.
Summary
What happened
A refcount race in the Linux kernel netfilter ipset component allows local users to crash the system via concurrent list:set cleanup and swaps. The __ip_set_put_byindex() path resolves an index under RCU, then decrements a stale set pointer after ip_set_swap() can exchange the indexed set and its reference count. CAP_NET_ADMIN for IPSET_CMD_SWAP is required, but a user namespace can grant it without init-namespace root; the demonstrated outcome is a kernel panic.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2026-74748
- Published
- Aug 26, 2026
- Updated
- Aug 27, 2026
- Vendor
- The Linux Kernel Organization
- Product
- Linux
- Classifications
- CWE-367, T1499
- Attack vector
- local
- Privileges
- authenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Aug 26, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Aug 27, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.
Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=3.8
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <0c88868271653537ed443272dd8e7d13634d214b
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <20cb13a523f0a05cb2d0a7d72abae687683712e0
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <24ffcb1e1688c55fd2a505f064295cd28eac546d
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <97a01de0c6321b7210d30d0a4d60f10f561097c7
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <b0aab9dd1a348b99d75ff52765719d0cc2050630
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <b891e7a6bb06e0f6560e5932665ac660acd12225
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <c21afc7c216a4d257a4f3f300e0791890bc846b9
- Affected versionversion=9076aea76538556224e7d73ab718f8841330818a <cb20da33839f28f590c99f16bafaa6151451c0e8
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
See the directory against your own environment.
Your stack
Check the software in your environment
Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.
Book a demo