Unauthenticated service interruption via quadratic parameter decoding
Published Jun 23, 2026 · Updated Jun 23, 2026
Algorithmic complexity in Plug's nested-parameter decoder allows remote attackers to interrupt Plug-based HTTP services with crafted keys. Plug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6 builds growing binary prefixes, while insert_keys/3 and finalize_pointer/2 repeatedly hash and map those prefixes, making decode cost quadratic in bracket depth. No authentication or route knowledge is required; concurrent requests can pin every BEAM scheduler and leave the service unresponsive.
Summary
What happened
Algorithmic complexity in Plug's nested-parameter decoder allows remote attackers to interrupt Plug-based HTTP services with crafted keys. Plug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6 builds growing binary prefixes, while insert_keys/3 and finalize_pointer/2 repeatedly hash and map those prefixes, making decode cost quadratic in bracket depth. No authentication or route knowledge is required; concurrent requests can pin every BEAM scheduler and leave the service unresponsive.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2026-54892
- Published
- Jun 23, 2026
- Updated
- Jun 23, 2026
- Vendor
- elixir-plug
- Product
- Plug
- Classifications
- CWE-407, CAPEC-229, T1499.004
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jun 23, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Jun 23, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.
Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=1.15.0 <1.15.5
- Affected versionversion=1.16.0 <1.16.4
- Affected versionversion=1.17.0 <1.17.2
- Affected versionversion=1.18.0 <1.18.3
- Affected versionversion=1.19.0 <1.19.3
- Affected versionversion=712b875d3442c765d8d37e546ffd5ad9f8afcc55 <* changes=[{"at":"c317d08fdcf96e17931f7419275b2b8c4bf3e951","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"9c5d37c440eaae92869eed7c014c47266744fadb","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"d737eb236f17e31a36290e39f9ef3cd86a1343bd","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"d4e5568392a4b29e545b91e12e87d6098f976145","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"a61124aa625d819a218fb07f90afbac8aa85eb0e","status":"unaffected"}]
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- GHSA nested-parameter denial-of-service proof of conceptproof of concept · demonstrated
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
See the directory against your own environment.
Your stack
Check the software in your environment
Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.
Book a demo