VM crash via BIT_BINARY_EXT size underflow
Published Jul 27, 2026 · Updated Jul 27, 2026
Denial of service in Erlang/OTP allows remote attackers to crash the BEAM VM by supplying crafted External Term Format data. In erts/emulator/beam/external.c, the BIT_BINARY_EXT decoder accepts zero length and zero trailing bits, underflows the unsigned bit-size calculation, and requests an enormous allocation. Reachability requires an application or distribution node to decode attacker-controlled ETF; exploitation aborts the VM rather than raising an Erlang exception.
Summary
What happened
Denial of service in Erlang/OTP allows remote attackers to crash the BEAM VM by supplying crafted External Term Format data. In erts/emulator/beam/external.c, the BIT_BINARY_EXT decoder accepts zero length and zero trailing bits, underflows the unsigned bit-size calculation, and requests an enormous allocation. Reachability requires an application or distribution node to decode attacker-controlled ETF; exploitation aborts the VM rather than raising an Erlang exception.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2026-54890
- Published
- Jul 27, 2026
- Updated
- Jul 27, 2026
- Vendor
- Erlang
- Product
- Erlang/OTP
- Classifications
- CWE-789, CWE-191, CWE-1284, CAPEC-92, CAPEC-130, T1499.004
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jul 27, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Jul 27, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=15.0 <* changes=[{"at":"15.2.7.11","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"16.4.0.4","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"17.0.4","status":"unaffected"}]
- Affected versionversion=24ef4cbaeda9b9c26682cba75f2f15b0c58722aa <dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd
- Affected versionversion=27.0 <* changes=[{"at":"27.3.4.15","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"28.5.0.4","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"29.0.4","status":"unaffected"}]
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- Seven-byte BIT_BINARY_EXT crash reproducerproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
See the directory against your own environment.
Your stack
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