CVE-2026-54593Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated arbitrary file writes via unscoped JWT reuse

Published Jul 28, 2026 · Updated Jul 28, 2026

Improper JWT scoping in Pterodactyl Panel before 1.12.3 allows remote authenticated users to write arbitrary server files. The Wings /upload/file endpoint accepts any panel-signed JWT with common identity claims without verifying a purpose scope, so WebSocket or download tokens authorize uploads. A subuser with console-connect or download permission can write files on the same game server without file.create access, enabling file replacement and service interruption.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability0.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper JWT scoping in Pterodactyl Panel before 1.12.3 allows remote authenticated users to write arbitrary server files. The Wings /upload/file endpoint accepts any panel-signed JWT with common identity claims without verifying a purpose scope, so WebSocket or download tokens authorize uploads. A subuser with console-connect or download permission can write files on the same game server without file.create access, enabling file replacement and service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-54593
Published
Jul 28, 2026
Updated
Jul 28, 2026
Vendor
Pterodactyl
Product
Pterodactyl Panel
Classifications
CWE-1270, CWE-1259, T1068
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 28, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 28, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.12.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Pterodactyl · Pterodactyl Panelversion=< 1.12.3

Published CVSS scores

8.1GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1270Generation of Incorrect Security Tokens
CWE-1259Improper Restriction of Security Token Assignment
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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