CVE-2026-45771Network attack vector

Service interruption via unbounded XML entity expansion

Published Jun 9, 2026 · Updated Jun 9, 2026

XML entity expansion in FreeSWITCH before 1.11.0 allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU and memory through a crafted SIP PUBLISH request. The core parser in src/switch_xml.c recursively expands nested DTD entities without depth or reference-count bounds when mod_sofia parses a PIDF body. Any network-reachable SIP profile with manage-presence enabled accepts the body before registration, ACL, or digest checks, allowing one request to pin a worker thread or exhaust memory and terminate the process.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.34%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

XML entity expansion in FreeSWITCH before 1.11.0 allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU and memory through a crafted SIP PUBLISH request. The core parser in src/switch_xml.c recursively expands nested DTD entities without depth or reference-count bounds when mod_sofia parses a PIDF body. Any network-reachable SIP profile with manage-presence enabled accepts the body before registration, ACL, or digest checks, allowing one request to pin a worker thread or exhaust memory and terminate the process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-45771
Published
Jun 9, 2026
Updated
Jun 9, 2026
Vendor
SignalWire
Product
FreeSWITCH
Classifications
CWE-776, CAPEC-197, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 9, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 9, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.11.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

SignalWire · FreeSWITCHversion=< 1.11.0

Published CVSS scores

7.5GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-776Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
CAPEC-197Exponential Data Expansion
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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