CVE-2026-45091Public exploitNetwork attack vector

TOTP secret disclosure via plaintext JWS payload

Published May 12, 2026 · Updated May 12, 2026

Credential exposure in sealed-env 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 allows attackers to read TOTP secrets from unseal tokens. Enterprise-mode token minting places the literal operator TOTP secret in the base64url-encoded JSON payload, which provides no encryption. Possession of any minted token exposes the secret; possession of both that token and the master key enables indefinite minting of valid tokens for future deploys.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Credential exposure in sealed-env 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 allows attackers to read TOTP secrets from unseal tokens. Enterprise-mode token minting places the literal operator TOTP secret in the base64url-encoded JSON payload, which provides no encryption. Possession of any minted token exposes the secret; possession of both that token and the master key enables indefinite minting of valid tokens for future deploys.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-45091
Published
May 12, 2026
Updated
May 12, 2026
Vendor
David Almeida
Product
sealed-env
Classifications
CWE-522, CWE-200, T1552
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 12, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 12, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 0.1.0-alpha.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

David Almeida · sealed-envversion=< 0.1.0-alpha.4

Published CVSS scores

9.1GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-522Insufficiently Protected Credentials
CWE-200Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
T1552Unsecured Credentials

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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