CVE-2026-44728

Arbitrary code execution via malformed SystemJS exports

Published May 26, 2026 · Updated May 26, 2026

Code injection in Babel 7.12.0 through 7.29.3 and 8.0.0-alpha.0 through 8.0.0-alpha.12 allows attackers to make output execute arbitrary code. The SystemJS transform's export-star path supplies a string module name where constructExportCall expects an identifier-shaped export target, causing crafted syntax to become executable output. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled source to be compiled with the SystemJS plugin directly or through preset-env's modules option; trusted-only pipelines and other plugins are unaffected.

CVSS severity8.2
High
EPSS probability0.13%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Babel 7.12.0 through 7.29.3 and 8.0.0-alpha.0 through 8.0.0-alpha.12 allows attackers to make output execute arbitrary code. The SystemJS transform's export-star path supplies a string module name where constructExportCall expects an identifier-shaped export target, causing crafted syntax to become executable output. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled source to be compiled with the SystemJS plugin directly or through preset-env's modules option; trusted-only pipelines and other plugins are unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-44728
Published
May 26, 2026
Updated
May 26, 2026
Vendor
Babel
Product
@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs
Classifications
CWE-843, CWE-94, T1204.002, T1059.007
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 26, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 7.12.0, < 7.29.4
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 8.0.0-alpha.0, < 8.0.0-alpha.13

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Babel · @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjsversion=>= 7.12.0, < 7.29.4; version=>= 8.0.0-alpha.0, < 8.0.0-alpha.13
Babel · Babelversion=>= 7.12.0, < 7.29.4; version=>= 8.0.0-alpha.0, < 8.0.0-alpha.13

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.2GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-843Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ('Type Confusion')
CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1204.002User Execution: Malicious File
T1059.007Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript/JScript

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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