CVE-2026-44690Network attack vector

Cross-zone cache poisoning via unchecked RRSIG labels

Published Jul 22, 2026 · Updated Jul 22, 2026

Cache poisoning in NLnet Labs Unbound 1.7.0 through 1.25.1 allows remote attackers to inject insecure DNS records across sibling zones. During aggressive NSEC processing, the resolver accepts an RRSIG Labels value below the expected bound and writes wildcard data to cache before validation and bailiwick checks complete. The attacker must control one delegated domain beneath an NSEC-signed parent; fraudulent wildcard DS records can then create nonexistent sibling delegations and redirect resolution.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.14%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Cache poisoning in NLnet Labs Unbound 1.7.0 through 1.25.1 allows remote attackers to inject insecure DNS records across sibling zones. During aggressive NSEC processing, the resolver accepts an RRSIG Labels value below the expected bound and writes wildcard data to cache before validation and bailiwick checks complete. The attacker must control one delegated domain beneath an NSEC-signed parent; fraudulent wildcard DS records can then create nonexistent sibling delegations and redirect resolution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-44690
Published
Jul 22, 2026
Updated
Jul 22, 2026
Vendor
NLnet Labs
Product
Unbound
Classifications
CWE-345, T1583.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 22, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 22, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.7.0 <1.25.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

NLnet Labs · Unboundversion=1.7.0 <1.25.2

Published CVSS scores

7.5NLnet LabsCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-345Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
T1583.001Acquire Infrastructure: Domains

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo