CVE-2026-44466Public exploit

Arbitrary command execution via arithmetic expansion

Published May 28, 2026 · Updated May 28, 2026

Command injection in Zed before 0.229.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands through bash arithmetic expansion. The terminal tool permission checker tests the raw command against an always_allow regex but overlooks nested command substitution inside $((...)), which bash evaluates after the outer command passes. Exploitation requires user interaction and an attacker able to influence AI agent tool calls, such as through prompt injection in repository files, while the user relies on a terminal command allowlist.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability0.23%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Zed before 0.229.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands through bash arithmetic expansion. The terminal tool permission checker tests the raw command against an always_allow regex but overlooks nested command substitution inside $((...)), which bash evaluates after the outer command passes. Exploitation requires user interaction and an attacker able to influence AI agent tool calls, such as through prompt injection in repository files, while the user relies on a terminal command allowlist.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-44466
Published
May 28, 2026
Updated
May 28, 2026
Vendor
Zed Industries
Product
Zed
Classifications
CWE-78, CAPEC-88, T1059.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 28, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 28, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 0.229.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Zed Industries · Zedversion=< 0.229.0

Published CVSS scores

8.6GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CAPEC-88OS Command Injection
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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