CVE-2026-40561Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Request smuggling via conflicting message-length headers

Published May 3, 2026 · Updated May 3, 2026

HTTP request smuggling in Kazuho Oku Starlet 0 through 0.31 allows remote attackers to inject requests through a reverse proxy. Starlet::Server::handle_connection consumes Content-Length instead of rejecting a request that also carries Transfer-Encoding: chunked, causing the proxy and back end to disagree about request boundaries. The server must be deployed behind a front-end reverse proxy that parses the ambiguous message differently; the resulting desynchronization lets a smuggled request bypass the proxy's request boundary.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

HTTP request smuggling in Kazuho Oku Starlet 0 through 0.31 allows remote attackers to inject requests through a reverse proxy. Starlet::Server::handle_connection consumes Content-Length instead of rejecting a request that also carries Transfer-Encoding: chunked, causing the proxy and back end to disagree about request boundaries. The server must be deployed behind a front-end reverse proxy that parses the ambiguous message differently; the resulting desynchronization lets a smuggled request bypass the proxy's request boundary.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-40561
Published
May 3, 2026
Updated
May 3, 2026
Vendor
Kazuho Oku
Product
Starlet
Classifications
CWE-444, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 3, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 3, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=0.31

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Kazuho Oku · Starletversion=0 <=0.31

Published CVSS scores

5.3CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-444Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo