CVE-2026-40494Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Code execution via unchecked TGA raw packet

Published Apr 18, 2026 · Updated Apr 18, 2026

Out-of-bounds writing in HappySeaFox SAIL allows remote attackers to execute code by supplying a crafted RLE TGA image. The raw-packet branch of sail_codec_load_frame_v8_tga reads up to 128 pixels into the destination heap buffer without clamping the packet count to the remaining pixels. Exploitation requires an application to decode attacker-supplied TGA content and grants control of up to 496 bytes beyond the allocation, enabling code execution or a crash.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.31%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds writing in HappySeaFox SAIL allows remote attackers to execute code by supplying a crafted RLE TGA image. The raw-packet branch of sail_codec_load_frame_v8_tga reads up to 128 pixels into the destination heap buffer without clamping the packet count to the remaining pixels. Exploitation requires an application to decode attacker-supplied TGA content and grants control of up to 496 bytes beyond the allocation, enabling code execution or a crash.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-40494
Published
Apr 18, 2026
Updated
Apr 18, 2026
Vendor
HappySeaFox
Product
SAIL
Classifications
CWE-787, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 18, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 18, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

HappySeaFox · SAILversion=< 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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