CVE-2026-40342Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via plugin path traversal

Published Apr 17, 2026 · Updated Apr 17, 2026

Path traversal in Firebird before 3.0.14, 4.0.0 through 4.0.6, and 5.0.0 through 5.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. PluginLoadInfo appends the supplied ENGINE name to the plugins directory and passes the unresolved path to dlopen or LoadLibraryEx, allowing separators and .. components to escape that directory. CREATE FUNCTION privilege and a reachable shared library are required; its initialization code then runs as the Firebird server account before plugin validation.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability0.69%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Path traversal in Firebird before 3.0.14, 4.0.0 through 4.0.6, and 5.0.0 through 5.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. PluginLoadInfo appends the supplied ENGINE name to the plugins directory and passes the unresolved path to dlopen or LoadLibraryEx, allowing separators and .. components to escape that directory. CREATE FUNCTION privilege and a reachable shared library are required; its initialization code then runs as the Firebird server account before plugin validation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-40342
Published
Apr 17, 2026
Updated
Apr 17, 2026
Vendor
Firebird Project
Product
Firebird
Classifications
CWE-94, CWE-73, CWE-22, CWE-427, CAPEC-126, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 17, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 17, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 3.0.14
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Firebird Project · Firebirdversion=< 3.0.14; version=>= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7; version=>= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4

Published CVSS scores

10.0GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-73External Control of File Name or Path
CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-427Uncontrolled Search Path Element
CAPEC-126Path Traversal
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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