CPU exhaustion via predictable hash collisions
Published Apr 13, 2026 · Updated Apr 13, 2026
Algorithmic complexity denial of service in jqlang jq 1.8.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU via crafted JSON objects. The object hash-table code in src/jv.c seeds MurmurHash3 with the public constant 0x432A9843, enabling offline construction of colliding keys that reduce lookups from O(1) to O(n). Processing a roughly 100 KB collision set requires no privileges or user interaction and turns ordinary jq expressions into O(n²) work, interrupting service through CPU exhaustion.
Summary
What happened
Algorithmic complexity denial of service in jqlang jq 1.8.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU via crafted JSON objects. The object hash-table code in src/jv.c seeds MurmurHash3 with the public constant 0x432A9843, enabling offline construction of colliding keys that reduce lookups from O(1) to O(n). Processing a roughly 100 KB collision set requires no privileges or user interaction and turns ordinary jq expressions into O(n²) work, interrupting service through CPU exhaustion.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2026-40164
- Published
- Apr 13, 2026
- Updated
- Apr 13, 2026
- Vendor
- jqlang
- Product
- jq
- Classifications
- CWE-407, CWE-328, T1499
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Apr 13, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Apr 13, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=< 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- GHSA collision-payload generatorproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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