CVE-2026-31451

Local kernel panic via oversized ext4 inline data

Published Apr 22, 2026 · Updated Apr 22, 2026

Reachable assertion in Linux Kernel 3.8 and later affected branches allows local users to crash the kernel through malformed ext4 inline data. The ext4_read_inline_folio function calls BUG_ON when the inline data size exceeds PAGE_SIZE, panicking instead of reporting filesystem corruption. A local low-privileged user must reach the malformed inline-file state; successful exploitation interrupts the host without disclosed data exposure or modification.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.12%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Reachable assertion in Linux Kernel 3.8 and later affected branches allows local users to crash the kernel through malformed ext4 inline data. The ext4_read_inline_folio function calls BUG_ON when the inline data size exceeds PAGE_SIZE, panicking instead of reporting filesystem corruption. A local low-privileged user must reach the malformed inline-file state; successful exploitation interrupts the host without disclosed data exposure or modification.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-31451
Published
Apr 22, 2026
Updated
Apr 22, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux Kernel
Classifications
CWE-617, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 22, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 22, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <356227096eb66e41b23caf7045e6304877322edf
  2. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <65c6c30ce6362c1c684568744ea510c921a756cd
  3. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <823849a26af089ffc5dfdd2ae4b9d446b46a0cda
  4. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <a7d600e04732a7d29b107c91fe3aec64cf6ce7f2
  5. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d4b3f370c3d8f7ce565d4a718572c9f7c12f77ed

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linux Kernelversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <356227096eb66e41b23caf7045e6304877322edf; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <65c6c30ce6362c1c684568744ea510c921a756cd; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <823849a26af089ffc5dfdd2ae4b9d446b46a0cda; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <a7d600e04732a7d29b107c91fe3aec64cf6ce7f2; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d4b3f370c3d8f7ce565d4a718572c9f7c12f77ed

Published CVSS scores

5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-617Reachable Assertion
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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