CVE-2026-28784Network attack vector

Authenticated code execution via callable Twig map

Published Mar 4, 2026 · Updated Mar 4, 2026

Server-side template injection in Pixel & Tonic Craft CMS before 4.17.0-beta.1 or 5.9.0-beta.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. Craft's Twig map filter accepts attacker-chosen non-Closure callable names in control-panel text fields or System Messages and invokes them while rendering the template. Reachability requires an administrator with allowAdminChanges enabled, or a non-administrator allowed to use System Messages; successful abuse runs code in the web application's context.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability0.53%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in Pixel & Tonic Craft CMS before 4.17.0-beta.1 or 5.9.0-beta.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. Craft's Twig map filter accepts attacker-chosen non-Closure callable names in control-panel text fields or System Messages and invokes them while rendering the template. Reachability requires an administrator with allowAdminChanges enabled, or a non-administrator allowed to use System Messages; successful abuse runs code in the web application's context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-28784
Published
Mar 4, 2026
Updated
Mar 4, 2026
Vendor
Pixel & Tonic
Product
Craft CMS
Classifications
CWE-1336, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 4, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 4, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.0-beta.1
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.0-beta.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Pixel & Tonic · Craft CMSversion=>= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.0-beta.1; version=>= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.0-beta.1

Published CVSS scores

7.2NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.1GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
8.6GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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