CVE-2026-28465Network attack vector

Webhook event spoofing via trusted forwarded headers

Published Mar 5, 2026 · Updated Mar 5, 2026

Improper authentication in OpenClaw Voice Call plugin before 2026.2.3 allows remote attackers to submit spoofed webhook events. Webhook URL reconstruction implicitly trusts client-supplied Forwarded and X-Forwarded-* headers when checking provider signatures. The plugin must be enabled behind a proxy that does not overwrite those headers; accepted events can corrupt call-processing integrity.

CVSS severity5.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.37%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper authentication in OpenClaw Voice Call plugin before 2026.2.3 allows remote attackers to submit spoofed webhook events. Webhook URL reconstruction implicitly trusts client-supplied Forwarded and X-Forwarded-* headers when checking provider signatures. The plugin must be enabled behind a proxy that does not overwrite those headers; accepted events can corrupt call-processing integrity.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-28465
Published
Mar 5, 2026
Updated
Mar 5, 2026
Vendor
OpenClaw Foundation
Product
Voice Call plugin
Classifications
CWE-290, CWE-287, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 5, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2026.2.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenClaw Foundation · Voice Call pluginversion=0 <2026.2.3

Published CVSS scores

5.9OpenClawCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-290Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
CWE-287Improper Authentication
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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