CVE-2026-28391Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unapproved command execution via cmd.exe parsing bypass

Published Mar 5, 2026 · Updated Mar 5, 2026

OS command injection in OpenClaw before 2026.2.2 allows remote attackers to execute unapproved commands on Windows nodes. In allowlist-gated exec requests, src/infra/node-shell.ts passes raw command text to cmd.exe, while the allowlist analysis fails to model &, %...%, and !...! parsing. Only Windows nodes using the non-default exec allowlist or approval gate are exposed; crafted chaining or expansion runs operations beyond those approved.

CVSS severity9.2
Critical
EPSS probability0.50%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in OpenClaw before 2026.2.2 allows remote attackers to execute unapproved commands on Windows nodes. In allowlist-gated exec requests, src/infra/node-shell.ts passes raw command text to cmd.exe, while the allowlist analysis fails to model &, %...%, and !...! parsing. Only Windows nodes using the non-default exec allowlist or approval gate are exposed; crafted chaining or expansion runs operations beyond those approved.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-28391
Published
Mar 5, 2026
Updated
Mar 5, 2026
Vendor
OpenClaw Foundation
Product
OpenClaw
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.003
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 5, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2026.2.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenClaw Foundation · OpenClawversion=0 <2026.2.2

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8VulnCheckCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.4GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.2VulnCheckCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.003Windows Command Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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