CVE-2026-28228Network attack vector

Authenticated code execution via unsafe Velocity evaluation

Published Mar 30, 2026 · Updated Mar 30, 2026

Server-side template injection in OpenOlat before 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands. The reminder mail path passes attacker-controlled subject or body text to VelocityEngine.evaluate without sanitization or a restrictive introspector. Author-role access to a course reminder is sufficient; manual processing or the daily cron evaluates directives that instantiate Java classes and run commands as Tomcat.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.41%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in OpenOlat before 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands. The reminder mail path passes attacker-controlled subject or body text to VelocityEngine.evaluate without sanitization or a restrictive introspector. Author-role access to a course reminder is sufficient; manual processing or the daily cron evaluates directives that instantiate Java classes and run commands as Tomcat.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-28228
Published
Mar 30, 2026
Updated
Mar 30, 2026
Vendor
frentix GmbH
Product
OpenOlat
Classifications
CWE-1336, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 30, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 30, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 19.1.31
  2. Affected versionversion=< 20.1.18
  3. Affected versionversion=< 20.2.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

frentix GmbH · OpenOlatversion=< 19.1.31; version=< 20.1.18; version=< 20.2.5

Published CVSS scores

8.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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