CVE-2026-25828Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Initramfs command execution via unsanitized root parameter

Published Feb 12, 2026 · Updated Feb 12, 2026

OS command injection in grub-btrfs through 2026-01-31 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands during initramfs boot. The Arch Linux initramfs hook passes the kernel $root parameter to resolve_device() without sanitizing shell metacharacters. Reachability is disputed: a third party reports that exploitation is not feasible under normal conditions and depends on resolve_device() implementation details.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability1.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

OS command injection in grub-btrfs through 2026-01-31 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands during initramfs boot. The Arch Linux initramfs hook passes the kernel $root parameter to resolve_device() without sanitizing shell metacharacters. Reachability is disputed: a third party reports that exploitation is not feasible under normal conditions and depends on resolve_device() implementation details.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-25828
Published
Feb 12, 2026
Updated
Feb 12, 2026
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 12, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 12, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

5.4CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo