CVE-2026-25056Network attack vector

Authenticated file write via Merge SQL query

Published Feb 4, 2026 · Updated Feb 4, 2026

Arbitrary file write in n8n 1.x before 1.118.0 and 2.x before 2.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to write server files via Merge workflows. The Merge node executes attacker-supplied text in SQL Query mode, but the vendor has not disclosed the file-writing SQL construct or missing validation. Workflow creation or modification permission is required, and successful follow-on execution compromises the host under the n8n process's privileges.

CVSS severity9.4
Critical
EPSS probability0.68%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Arbitrary file write in n8n 1.x before 1.118.0 and 2.x before 2.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to write server files via Merge workflows. The Merge node executes attacker-supplied text in SQL Query mode, but the vendor has not disclosed the file-writing SQL construct or missing validation. Workflow creation or modification permission is required, and successful follow-on execution compromises the host under the n8n process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-25056
Published
Feb 4, 2026
Updated
Feb 4, 2026
Vendor
n8n
Product
n8n
Classifications
CWE-434, CWE-693, T1105
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 4, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 4, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.118.0
  2. Affected versionversion=< 2.4.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

n8n · n8nversion=< 1.118.0; version=< 2.4.0

Published CVSS scores

9.4GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CWE-693Protection Mechanism Failure
T1105Ingress Tool Transfer

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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