Sandbox escape via interceptable Promise callback invocation
Published Jan 26, 2026 · Updated Jan 26, 2026
Code injection in vm2 before 3.10.2 allows attackers to escape the Node.js sandbox and run arbitrary code through Promise callbacks. In lib/setup-sandbox.js, globalPromise.then and globalPromise.catch invoke preserved Promise methods through interceptable .call(), allowing sandbox code to override Function.prototype.call and receive unsanitized callback values. Exploitation requires an application to execute attacker-controlled asynchronous JavaScript inside VM; successful escape runs code with the host Node.js process's privileges.
Summary
What happened
Code injection in vm2 before 3.10.2 allows attackers to escape the Node.js sandbox and run arbitrary code through Promise callbacks. In lib/setup-sandbox.js, globalPromise.then and globalPromise.catch invoke preserved Promise methods through interceptable .call(), allowing sandbox code to override Function.prototype.call and receive unsanitized callback values. Exploitation requires an application to execute attacker-controlled asynchronous JavaScript inside VM; successful escape runs code with the host Node.js process's privileges.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2026-22709
- Published
- Jan 26, 2026
- Updated
- Jan 26, 2026
- Vendor
- Patrik Simek
- Product
- vm2
- Classifications
- CWE-94, CWE-913, CWE-693, T1059.007
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jan 26, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Jan 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=< 3.10.2
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- GitHub advisory sandbox-escape proof of conceptproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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