CVE-2026-1728Network attack vector

Account takeover via case-insensitive scope validation

Published Aug 6, 2026 · Updated Aug 6, 2026

Improper privilege management in WSO2 API Manager products allows remote authenticated users to take over administrative accounts via tokens. RestApiCommonUtil.validateScopes and JWTUtil.validateScopes compare token scopes case-insensitively, allowing mixed-case scope values to match privileged scopes. Exploitation requires a low-privileged account and valid token; accepted access permits Admin REST API operations and full administrative account takeover.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.30%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper privilege management in WSO2 API Manager products allows remote authenticated users to take over administrative accounts via tokens. RestApiCommonUtil.validateScopes and JWTUtil.validateScopes compare token scopes case-insensitively, allowing mixed-case scope values to match privileged scopes. Exploitation requires a low-privileged account and valid token; accepted access permits Admin REST API operations and full administrative account takeover.

The record

CVE
CVE-2026-1728
Published
Aug 6, 2026
Updated
Aug 6, 2026
Vendor
WSO2
Product
WSO2 Carbon API Manager REST API Common Functions
Classifications
CWE-269, T1078
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 6, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 6, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=9.0.174 <9.0.174.550
  2. Affected versionversion=9.28.116 <9.28.116.404
  3. Affected versionversion=9.29.120 <9.29.120.221
  4. Affected versionversion=9.30.67 <9.30.67.146
  5. Affected versionversion=9.31.86 <9.31.86.130
  6. Affected versionversion=9.32.147 <9.32.147.26

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

WSO2 · WSO2 Carbon API Manager REST API Common Functionsversion=9.0.174 <9.0.174.550; version=9.28.116 <9.28.116.404; version=9.29.120 <9.29.120.221; version=9.30.67 <9.30.67.146; version=9.31.86 <9.31.86.130; version=9.32.147 <9.32.147.26
WSO2 · WSO2 Traffic Managerversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.47; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.12
WSO2 · WSO2 API Control Planeversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.49; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.13
WSO2 · WSO2 API Managerversion=4.0.0 <4.0.0.384; version=4.1.0 <4.1.0.248; version=4.2.0 <4.2.0.188; version=4.3.0 <4.3.0.99; version=4.4.0 <4.4.0.63; version=4.5.0 <4.5.0.48; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.12
WSO2 · WSO2 Universal Gatewayversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.48; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.12
WSO2 · WSO2 Carbon API Manager REST API Utilityversion=9.20.74 <9.20.74.392

Published CVSS scores

9.8WSO2 LLCCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-269Improper Privilege Management
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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