CVE-2025-9963Public exploit

Root file modification via USB symlink traversal

Published Sep 23, 2025 · Updated Mar 31, 2026

Path traversal in Novakon P Series HMI P – V2001.A.c518o2 through P-V2005 allows physically proximate attackers to modify root files. The file explorer follows a symlink on an ext2-formatted USB drive to / and performs copy-and-paste operations there with root privileges. Physical access, a crafted application exposing the file explorer, and removable-media insertion are required; successful exploitation reads or overwrites system files and configurations.

CVSS severity9.4
Critical
EPSS probability0.22%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Path traversal in Novakon P Series HMI P – V2001.A.c518o2 through P-V2005 allows physically proximate attackers to modify root files. The file explorer follows a symlink on an ext2-formatted USB drive to / and performs copy-and-paste operations there with root privileges. Physical access, a crafted application exposing the file explorer, and removable-media insertion are required; successful exploitation reads or overwrites system files and configurations.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9963
Published
Sep 23, 2025
Updated
Mar 31, 2026
Vendor
Novakon Co., Ltd.
Product
P Series HMI
Classifications
CWE-22, T1565.001, T1005
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 31, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=P – V2001.A.c518o2 <=P-V2005

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Novakon Co., Ltd. · P Series HMIversion=P – V2001.A.c518o2 <=P-V2005

Published CVSS scores

9.4CyberDanubeCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1565.001Stored Data Manipulation
T1005Data from Local System

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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