CVE-2025-9961Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via CWMP buffer overflow

Published Sep 6, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Stack buffer overflow in the CWMP binary in TP-Link Archer AX10 and AX1500 firmware allows remote authenticated users to execute code. The CWMP process calculates a buffer size from SetParameterValues SOAP input without enforcing a bound, allowing a stack overwrite. This affects AX10 firmware before 1.2.1 and AX1500 firmware before 1.3.11; exploitation requires enabled CWMP, authenticated traffic, and a man-in-the-middle position.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability9.78%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stack buffer overflow in the CWMP binary in TP-Link Archer AX10 and AX1500 firmware allows remote authenticated users to execute code. The CWMP process calculates a buffer size from SetParameterValues SOAP input without enforcing a bound, allowing a stack overwrite. This affects AX10 firmware before 1.2.1 and AX1500 firmware before 1.3.11; exploitation requires enabled CWMP, authenticated traffic, and a man-in-the-middle position.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9961
Published
Sep 6, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
TP-Link Systems Inc.
Product
Archer AX1500
Classifications
CWE-120, T1659
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 6, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.3.11

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

TP-Link Systems Inc. · Archer AX1500version=0 <1.3.11
TP-Link Systems Inc. · Archer AX10version=0 <1.2.1

Published CVSS scores

8.6TP-Link Systems Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-120Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
T1659Content Injection

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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