CVE-2025-9959Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Host command execution via unchecked dunder calls

Published Sep 3, 2025 · Updated Sep 3, 2025

Code injection in Hugging Face smolagents before 1.21.0 allows remote attackers to execute host commands through generated Python code. LocalPythonExecutor rejects restricted attribute access but fails to reject dunder method calls, allowing traversal through class, bases, and subclasses to locate and invoke subprocess.Popen. Exploitation requires prompt injection that causes an agent to generate the malicious call chain; successful execution compromises the host process.

CVSS severity7.6
High
EPSS probability0.31%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Hugging Face smolagents before 1.21.0 allows remote attackers to execute host commands through generated Python code. LocalPythonExecutor rejects restricted attribute access but fails to reject dunder method calls, allowing traversal through class, bases, and subclasses to locate and invoke subprocess.Popen. Exploitation requires prompt injection that causes an agent to generate the malicious call chain; successful execution compromises the host process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9959
Published
Sep 3, 2025
Updated
Sep 3, 2025
Vendor
Hugging Face
Product
smolagents
Classifications
CWE-94, T1059.006
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.21.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Hugging Face · smolagentsversion=0 <1.21.0

Published CVSS scores

7.6JFROGCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1059.006Command and Scripting Interpreter: Python

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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