CVE-2025-9935Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Pre-auth command execution via unsanitized langType

Published Sep 3, 2025 · Updated Sep 4, 2025

Command injection in TOTOLINK N600R 4.3.0cu.7866_B20220506 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands through its web service. The setLanguageCfg handler interpolates the client-controlled langType value with sprintf() and passes the resulting string to system() without validation. No authentication is required; backtick command substitution grants command-shell control, permitting data access, configuration changes, or service interruption.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability3.02%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in TOTOLINK N600R 4.3.0cu.7866_B20220506 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands through its web service. The setLanguageCfg handler interpolates the client-controlled langType value with sprintf() and passes the resulting string to system() without validation. No authentication is required; backtick command substitution grants command-shell control, permitting data access, configuration changes, or service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9935
Published
Sep 3, 2025
Updated
Sep 4, 2025
Vendor
TOTOLINK
Product
N600R
Classifications
CWE-74, CWE-77, T1059, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.3.0cu.7866_B20220506

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

TOTOLINK · N600Rversion=4.3.0cu.7866_B20220506

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
7.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
7.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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