CVE-2025-9785

Traffic interception via unenforced certificate validation

Published Sep 3, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Improper certificate validation in PaperCut Print Deploy before 1.9.2917 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to intercept client traffic. The earlier setup guidance omitted the updater configuration needed to enforce certificate validation during client auto-updates. Exposure requires clients configured under that guidance with self-signed or private-CA certificates not correctly trusted by the operating system and Java trust stores.

CVSS severity7.7
High
EPSS probability0.11%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper certificate validation in PaperCut Print Deploy before 1.9.2917 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to intercept client traffic. The earlier setup guidance omitted the updater configuration needed to enforce certificate validation during client auto-updates. Exposure requires clients configured under that guidance with self-signed or private-CA certificates not correctly trusted by the operating system and Java trust stores.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9785
Published
Sep 3, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
PaperCut
Product
Print Deploy
Classifications
CWE-295, CAPEC-94, T1557
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.9.2917 changes=[{"at":"1.9.2917","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

PaperCut · Print Deployversion=0 <1.9.2917 changes=[{"at":"1.9.2917","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

7.7PaperCutCVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-295Improper Certificate Validation
CAPEC-94Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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