CVE-2025-9604Network attack vector

Plugin secret disclosure via compiled AES keys

Published Aug 29, 2025 · Updated Aug 29, 2025

Hard-coded cryptographic keys in Coze Studio 0.2.0 through 0.2.4 allow remote attackers to read protected plugin secrets. The plugin AES call sites fall back to compiled default keys for authentication payloads, OAuth state, and stored access or refresh tokens. Exploitation requires unauthenticated network access to relevant ciphertext and high-complexity cryptanalysis; the documented impact is limited to confidentiality.

CVSS severity3.7
Low
EPSS probability0.24%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Hard-coded cryptographic keys in Coze Studio 0.2.0 through 0.2.4 allow remote attackers to read protected plugin secrets. The plugin AES call sites fall back to compiled default keys for authentication payloads, OAuth state, and stored access or refresh tokens. Exploitation requires unauthenticated network access to relevant ciphertext and high-complexity cryptanalysis; the documented impact is limited to confidentiality.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9604
Published
Aug 29, 2025
Updated
Aug 29, 2025
Vendor
ByteDance
Product
Coze Studio
Classifications
CWE-320, CWE-321, T1140
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0.2.0
  2. Affected versionversion=0.2.1
  3. Affected versionversion=0.2.2
  4. Affected versionversion=0.2.3
  5. Affected versionversion=0.2.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ByteDance · Coze Studioversion=0.2.0; version=0.2.1; version=0.2.2; version=0.2.3; version=0.2.4

Published CVSS scores

3.7VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
6.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
2.6VulDBAV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-320Key Management Errors
CWE-321Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
T1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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