CVE-2025-9577Public exploit

Root access via recoverable default password

Published Aug 28, 2025 · Updated Aug 28, 2025

Default credentials in TOTOLINK X2000R 2.0 allow local users to gain root access through the administrative interface. The firmware stores the root account's MD5-crypt hash in world-readable /etc/shadow.sample, and the recovered password is the fixed value 123456. Exploitation requires low-privilege local access and password recovery, after which the account grants administrative control over configuration and device services.

CVSS severity2.5
Low
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Default credentials in TOTOLINK X2000R 2.0 allow local users to gain root access through the administrative interface. The firmware stores the root account's MD5-crypt hash in world-readable /etc/shadow.sample, and the recovered password is the fixed value 123456. Exploitation requires low-privilege local access and password recovery, after which the account grants administrative control over configuration and device services.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9577
Published
Aug 28, 2025
Updated
Aug 28, 2025
Vendor
TOTOLINK
Product
X2000R
Classifications
CWE-1392, T1078
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

TOTOLINK · X2000Rversion=2.0

Published CVSS scores

1.0VulDBAV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N
2.5VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
2.5VulDBCVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
2.0VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1392Use of Default Credentials
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo