CVE-2025-9312Network attack vector

Administrative access via unenforced mutual TLS authentication

Published Nov 18, 2025 · Updated Nov 18, 2025

Missing authentication in WSO2 System REST APIs and SOAP services allows remote attackers to gain administrative access over the network. The mTLS implementation accepts requests without additional authentication under the default System REST configuration or when the SOAP mTLS authenticator is enabled. Exposure requires network access to an enabled affected endpoint; API Gateway APIs, Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication, and X.509 login flows are unaffected.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.24%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing authentication in WSO2 System REST APIs and SOAP services allows remote attackers to gain administrative access over the network. The mTLS implementation accepts requests without additional authentication under the default System REST configuration or when the SOAP mTLS authenticator is enabled. Exposure requires network access to an enabled affected endpoint; API Gateway APIs, Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication, and X.509 login flows are unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9312
Published
Nov 18, 2025
Updated
Nov 18, 2025
Vendor
WSO2
Product
WSO2 Identity Server
Classifications
CWE-306, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 18, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 18, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.368
  2. Affected versionversion=5.11.0 <5.11.0.411
  3. Affected versionversion=5.2.0 <5.2.0.33
  4. Affected versionversion=5.3.0 <5.3.0.34
  5. Affected versionversion=5.4.0 <5.4.0.33
  6. Affected versionversion=5.4.1 <5.4.1.37
  7. Affected versionversion=5.5.0 <5.5.0.51
  8. Affected versionversion=5.6.0 <5.6.0.59
  9. Affected versionversion=5.7.0 <5.7.0.125
  10. Affected versionversion=5.8.0 <5.8.0.109
  11. Affected versionversion=5.9.0 <5.9.0.168
  12. Affected versionversion=6.0.0 <6.0.0.243
  13. Affected versionversion=6.1.0 <6.1.0.241
  14. Affected versionversion=7.0.0 <7.0.0.116
  15. Affected versionversion=7.1.0 <7.1.0.23

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

WSO2 · WSO2 Identity Serverversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.368; version=5.11.0 <5.11.0.411; version=5.2.0 <5.2.0.33; version=5.3.0 <5.3.0.34; version=5.4.0 <5.4.0.33; version=5.4.1 <5.4.1.37; version=5.5.0 <5.5.0.51; version=5.6.0 <5.6.0.59; version=5.7.0 <5.7.0.125; version=5.8.0 <5.8.0.109; version=5.9.0 <5.9.0.168; version=6.0.0 <6.0.0.243; version=6.1.0 <6.1.0.241; version=7.0.0 <7.0.0.116; version=7.1.0 <7.1.0.23
WSO2 · WSO2 Open Banking AMversion=1.4.0 <1.4.0.138; version=1.5.0 <1.5.0.139; version=2.0.0 <2.0.0.388
WSO2 · WSO2 Traffic Managerversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.20
WSO2 · WSO2 API Control Planeversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.22
WSO2 · WSO2 Open Banking IAMversion=2.0.0 <2.0.0.408
WSO2 · WSO2 Identity Server as Key Managerversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.358; version=5.3.0 <5.3.0.39; version=5.5.0 <5.5.0.52; version=5.6.0 <5.6.0.74; version=5.7.0 <5.7.0.124; version=5.9.0 <5.9.0.175
WSO2 · WSO2 Open Banking KMversion=1.4.0 <1.4.0.132; version=1.5.0 <1.5.0.122
WSO2 · WSO2 API Managerversion=2.2.0 <2.2.0.58; version=2.5.0 <2.5.0.84; version=2.6.0 <2.6.0.145; version=3.0.0 <3.0.0.175; version=3.1.0 <3.1.0.339; version=3.2.0 <3.2.0.439; version=3.2.1 <3.2.1.59; version=4.0.0 <4.0.0.359; version=4.1.0 <4.1.0.222; version=4.2.0 <4.2.0.161; version=4.3.0 <4.3.0.73; version=4.4.0 <4.4.0.37; version=4.5.0 <4.5.0.21
WSO2 · WSO2 Universal Gatewayversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.20
WSO2 · WSO2 Carbon Identity Authentication Serviceversion=1.1.1 <1.1.1.2; version=1.1.16 <1.1.16.3; version=1.1.18 <1.1.18.4; version=1.1.20 <1.1.20.5; version=1.1.26 <1.1.26.7; version=1.3.6 <1.3.6.8; version=1.4.0 <1.4.0.18; version=1.4.25 <1.4.25.24; version=1.4.52 <1.4.52.4; version=1.6.1 <1.6.1.11; version=1.7.1 <1.7.1.4; version=1.8.11 <1.8.11.6; version=1.8.41 <1.8.41.2; version=1.9.18 <1.9.18.2; version=1.9.4 <1.9.4.4

Published CVSS scores

9.8WSO2CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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