CVE-2025-9094Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated data modification via stored template injection

Published Aug 17, 2025 · Updated Aug 18, 2025

Stored template injection in ThingsBoard 4.1 Add Gateway allows remote authenticated users to alter interface data via crafted gateway input. The Add Gateway handler passes attacker-controlled data to a template engine without fully neutralizing special template elements; the precise function and parameter are undisclosed. A low-privileged account capable of adding a gateway is required, and the documented impact is limited to integrity rather than data disclosure or service interruption.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.30%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stored template injection in ThingsBoard 4.1 Add Gateway allows remote authenticated users to alter interface data via crafted gateway input. The Add Gateway handler passes attacker-controlled data to a template engine without fully neutralizing special template elements; the precise function and parameter are undisclosed. A low-privileged account capable of adding a gateway is required, and the documented impact is limited to integrity rather than data disclosure or service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-9094
Published
Aug 17, 2025
Updated
Aug 18, 2025
Vendor
ThingsBoard
Product
ThingsBoard
Classifications
CWE-1336, CWE-791, T1221
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 18, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

ThingsBoard · ThingsBoardversion=4.1

Published CVSS scores

4.0VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N
2.1VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
4.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
CWE-791Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements
T1221Template Injection

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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