CVE-2025-8974Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authentication bypass via hard-coded JWT signing key

Published Aug 14, 2025 · Updated Aug 14, 2025

Hard-coded credentials in linlinjava litemall 1.0 through 1.8.0 allow remote attackers to forge JWTs for arbitrary user IDs. JwtHelper assigns the literal X-Litemall-Token to SECRET and uses it with HMAC256 both to sign tokens and to verify their userId claim. Access to the public source or a decompiled JAR enables token creation for another user ID and access to that user's protected resources.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.53%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Hard-coded credentials in linlinjava litemall 1.0 through 1.8.0 allow remote attackers to forge JWTs for arbitrary user IDs. JwtHelper assigns the literal X-Litemall-Token to SECRET and uses it with HMAC256 both to sign tokens and to verify their userId claim. Access to the public source or a decompiled JAR enables token creation for another user ID and access to that user's protected resources.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-8974
Published
Aug 14, 2025
Updated
Aug 14, 2025
Vendor
linlinjava
Product
litemall
Classifications
CWE-798, CWE-259, T1606
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 14, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 14, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.0
  2. Affected versionversion=1.1
  3. Affected versionversion=1.2
  4. Affected versionversion=1.3
  5. Affected versionversion=1.4
  6. Affected versionversion=1.5
  7. Affected versionversion=1.6
  8. Affected versionversion=1.7
  9. Affected versionversion=1.8.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

linlinjava · litemallversion=1.0; version=1.1; version=1.2; version=1.3; version=1.4; version=1.5; version=1.6; version=1.7; version=1.8.0

Published CVSS scores

3.7VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
2.9NIST NVDCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
2.6VulDB CNAAV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-798Use of Hard-coded Credentials
CWE-259Use of Hard-coded Password
T1606Forge Web Credentials

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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