CVE-2025-8861Network attack vector

Database modification and deletion via unauthenticated developer tools

Published Aug 29, 2025 · Updated Aug 29, 2025

Missing authentication in CHANGING TSA units purchased before February 6, 2025 allows remote attackers to read, modify, and delete database data. The database-access path exposed through developer tools accepts privileged operations without authenticating the requester, but TWCERT does not identify the endpoint. Network reachability is the only reported gate; access exposes database confidentiality and integrity and permits deletion.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.52%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing authentication in CHANGING TSA units purchased before February 6, 2025 allows remote attackers to read, modify, and delete database data. The database-access path exposed through developer tools accepts privileged operations without authenticating the requester, but TWCERT does not identify the endpoint. Network reachability is the only reported gate; access exposes database confidentiality and integrity and permits deletion.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-8861
Published
Aug 29, 2025
Updated
Aug 29, 2025
Vendor
CHANGING Information Technology Inc.
Product
TSA Time-Stamp Server
Classifications
CWE-306, CAPEC-36, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2025/2/6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

CHANGING Information Technology Inc. · TSA Time-Stamp Serverversion=0 <2025/2/6

Published CVSS scores

9.3TWCERT/CCCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8TWCERT/CCCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
CAPEC-36Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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