CVE-2025-8591Network attack vector

Browser script execution via unencoded recovery parameter

Published Jul 6, 2026 · Updated Jul 6, 2026

Reflected XSS in affected WSO2 server releases allows remote attackers to execute browser script through a crafted recovery URL. The password-recovery.jsp form handling reflects a URL-derived value into page output without context-appropriate encoding. Exploitation requires a user to open the crafted URL; script can redirect or alter the page and read browser data, while httpOnly cookies block session-cookie theft.

CVSS severity6.1
Medium
EPSS probability0.25%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Reflected XSS in affected WSO2 server releases allows remote attackers to execute browser script through a crafted recovery URL. The password-recovery.jsp form handling reflects a URL-derived value into page output without context-appropriate encoding. Exploitation requires a user to open the crafted URL; script can redirect or alter the page and read browser data, while httpOnly cookies block session-cookie theft.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-8591
Published
Jul 6, 2026
Updated
Jul 6, 2026
Vendor
WSO2
Product
WSO2 Identity Server
Classifications
CWE-79, CAPEC-242, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 6, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 6, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.381
  2. Affected versionversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.384
  3. Affected versionversion=6.0.0 <6.0.0.255
  4. Affected versionversion=7.0.0 <7.0.0.131
  5. Affected versionversion=7.1.0 <7.1.0.21
  6. Affected versionversion=7.1.0 <7.1.0.51

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

WSO2 · WSO2 Identity Serverversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.381; version=5.10.0 <5.10.0.384; version=6.0.0 <6.0.0.255; version=7.0.0 <7.0.0.131; version=7.1.0 <7.1.0.21; version=7.1.0 <7.1.0.51
WSO2 · WSO2 Open Banking AMversion=2.0.0 <2.0.0.404
WSO2 · WSO2 Traffic Managerversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.42; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.7
WSO2 · WSO2 API Control Planeversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.44; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.8
WSO2 · WSO2 Open Banking IAMversion=2.0.0 <2.0.0.424
WSO2 · WSO2 Identity Server as Key Managerversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.375
WSO2 · WSO2 API Managerversion=3.1.0 <3.1.0.355; version=3.2.0 <3.2.0.459; version=3.2.1 <3.2.1.78; version=4.0.0 <4.0.0.380; version=4.1.0 <4.1.0.243; version=4.2.0 <4.2.0.183; version=4.3.0 <4.3.0.94; version=4.4.0 <4.4.0.58; version=4.5.0 <4.5.0.43; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.7
WSO2 · WSO2 Universal Gatewayversion=4.5.0 <4.5.0.42; version=4.6.0 <4.6.0.7

Published CVSS scores

6.1WSO2 LLC CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
6.1WSO2CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CAPEC-242Cross-Site Scripting
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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