CVE-2025-8078Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Root command execution via unsanitized CLI filename

Published Oct 21, 2025 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

Command injection in Zyxel ZLD firewall firmware through 5.40 allows remote authenticated users with administrator access to execute OS commands. The web-auth type _delete wp-zip CLI path places its filename argument into a root shell command without neutralizing shell metacharacters. Administrative CLI access is required; a crafted .zip filename containing a command separator runs arbitrary commands as root on the appliance.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability1.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Zyxel ZLD firewall firmware through 5.40 allows remote authenticated users with administrator access to execute OS commands. The web-auth type _delete wp-zip CLI path places its filename argument into a root shell command without neutralizing shell metacharacters. Administrative CLI access is required; a crafted .zip filename containing a command separator runs arbitrary commands as root on the appliance.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-8078
Published
Oct 21, 2025
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
Zyxel Networks
Product
USG20(W)-VPN Series
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=versions from V4.16 through V5.40

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Zyxel Networks · USG20(W)-VPN Seriesversion=versions from V4.16 through V5.40
Zyxel Networks · USG FLEX 50 Seriesversion=versions from V4.16 through V5.40
Zyxel Networks · ATP Seriesversion=versions from V4.32 through V5.40
Zyxel Networks · USG FLEX Seriesversion=version from V4.50 through V5.40

Published CVSS scores

7.2ZyxelCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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