CVE-2025-7851Public exploit

Root shell access via residual debug code

Published Oct 21, 2025 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

Improper privilege management in TP-Link Omada, Omada Pro, and Festa gateway firmware allows attackers to obtain a root shell. The cli_server binary retains a hidden debug path that enables root SSH login when /usr/sbin/image_type_debug exists. Exploitation requires high privileges and adjacent access, plus creation of that marker through another flaw or possession of the signing key.

CVSS severity8.7
High
EPSS probability0.65%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper privilege management in TP-Link Omada, Omada Pro, and Festa gateway firmware allows attackers to obtain a root shell. The cli_server binary retains a hidden debug path that enables root SSH login when /usr/sbin/image_type_debug exists. Exploitation requires high privileges and adjacent access, plus creation of that marker through another flaw or possession of the signing key.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-7851
Published
Oct 21, 2025
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
TP-Link Systems Inc.
Product
Omada Gateways
Classifications
CWE-269, T1068
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <ER8411 1.3.3, ER7412-M2 1.1.0, ER707-M2 1.3.1, ER7206 2.2.2, ER605 2.3.1, ER706W 1.2.1, ER706W-4G 1.2.1, ER7212PC 2.1.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

TP-Link Systems Inc. · Omada Gatewaysversion=0 <ER8411 1.3.3, ER7412-M2 1.1.0, ER707-M2 1.3.1, ER7206 2.2.2, ER605 2.3.1, ER706W 1.2.1, ER706W-4G 1.2.1, ER7212PC 2.1.3
TP-Link Systems Inc. · Festa Gatewaysversion=0 <FR365 1.1.10, FR205 1.0.3, FR307 1.2.5
TP-Link Systems Inc. · Omada Pro Gatewaysversion=0 <G36 1.1.4, G611 1.2.2

Published CVSS scores

8.7TP-Link Systems Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-269Improper Privilege Management
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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