CVE-2025-7453Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authentication bypass via hard-coded JWT signing secret

Published Jul 11, 2025 · Updated Jul 11, 2025

Authentication bypass in saltbo ZPan 1.6.0 through 1.6.5 and 1.7.0-beta1 through 1.7.0-beta2 allows remote attackers to forge admin tokens. The NewToken function initializes HS512 signing with the literal secret 123, so independently generated z-token cookies pass signature validation. No credentials or user interaction are required; a forged administrator cookie grants read access to protected configuration endpoints.

CVSS severity3.7
Low
EPSS probability0.38%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in saltbo ZPan 1.6.0 through 1.6.5 and 1.7.0-beta1 through 1.7.0-beta2 allows remote attackers to forge admin tokens. The NewToken function initializes HS512 signing with the literal secret 123, so independently generated z-token cookies pass signature validation. No credentials or user interaction are required; a forged administrator cookie grants read access to protected configuration endpoints.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-7453
Published
Jul 11, 2025
Updated
Jul 11, 2025
Vendor
saltbo
Product
ZPan
Classifications
CWE-255, CWE-259, T1606.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.6.0
  2. Affected versionversion=1.6.1
  3. Affected versionversion=1.6.2
  4. Affected versionversion=1.6.3
  5. Affected versionversion=1.6.4
  6. Affected versionversion=1.6.5
  7. Affected versionversion=1.7.0-beta1
  8. Affected versionversion=1.7.0-beta2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

saltbo · ZPanversion=1.6.0; version=1.6.1; version=1.6.2; version=1.6.3; version=1.6.4; version=1.6.5; version=1.7.0-beta1; version=1.7.0-beta2

Published CVSS scores

3.7VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
2.6VulDBAV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
2.9VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-255Credentials Management Errors
CWE-259Use of Hard-coded Password
T1606.001Forge Web Credentials: Web Cookies

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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