CVE-2025-68278Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Server code execution via executable front matter

Published Dec 18, 2025 · Updated Dec 18, 2025

Code injection in TinaCMS before 3.1.1 allows attackers controlling processed Markdown files to execute arbitrary JavaScript on the server. The GraphQL database parseFile path passes front matter to gray-matter without disabling its JavaScript and CoffeeScript engines. A crafted file using ---js, ---javascript, or ---coffee front matter must enter the content workflow and then be processed, granting code execution with the TinaCMS server process's privileges.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in TinaCMS before 3.1.1 allows attackers controlling processed Markdown files to execute arbitrary JavaScript on the server. The GraphQL database parseFile path passes front matter to gray-matter without disabling its JavaScript and CoffeeScript engines. A crafted file using ---js, ---javascript, or ---coffee front matter must enter the content workflow and then be processed, granting code execution with the TinaCMS server process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-68278
Published
Dec 18, 2025
Updated
Dec 18, 2025
Vendor
TinaCMS
Product
TinaCMS
Classifications
CWE-94, CAPEC-35, CAPEC-77, CAPEC-242, T1059.007
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 18, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 18, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=tinacms < 3.1.1
  2. Affected versionversion=@tinacms/cli < 2.0.4
  3. Affected versionversion=@tinacms/graphql < 2.0.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

TinaCMS · TinaCMSversion=tinacms < 3.1.1; version=@tinacms/cli < 2.0.4; version=@tinacms/graphql < 2.0.3

Published CVSS scores

8.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.3GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CAPEC-35Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
CAPEC-77Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
CAPEC-242Code Injection
T1059.007JavaScript/JScript

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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