CVE-2025-67851

Spreadsheet formula execution via unescaped export fields

Published Feb 3, 2026 · Updated Feb 3, 2026

Formula injection in Moodle LMS allows remote authenticated users to plant executable formulas in exported spreadsheet files. Moodle's CSV, Excel, ODS, and Spout export writers pass formula-leading field values into cells without applying the core formula-escaping routine. Exploitation requires permission to supply exported data and a user to export and open the resulting file, where the spreadsheet evaluates the formula.

CVSS severity6.1
Medium
EPSS probability0.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Formula injection in Moodle LMS allows remote authenticated users to plant executable formulas in exported spreadsheet files. Moodle's CSV, Excel, ODS, and Spout export writers pass formula-leading field values into cells without applying the core formula-escaping routine. Exploitation requires permission to supply exported data and a user to export and open the resulting file, where the spreadsheet evaluates the formula.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-67851
Published
Feb 3, 2026
Updated
Feb 3, 2026
Vendor
Moodle
Product
Moodle LMS
Classifications
CWE-1236, T1204.002
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 3, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 3, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.1.0 <4.1.22
  2. Affected versionversion=4.4.0 <4.4.12
  3. Affected versionversion=4.5.0 <4.5.8
  4. Affected versionversion=5.0.0 <5.0.4
  5. Affected versionversion=5.1.0 <5.1.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Moodle · Moodle LMSversion=4.1.0 <4.1.22; version=4.4.0 <4.4.12; version=4.5.0 <4.5.8; version=5.0.0 <5.0.4; version=5.1.0 <5.1.1

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.1Fedora ProjectCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1236Improper Neutralization of Formula Elements in a CSV File
T1204.002User Execution: Malicious File

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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