CVE-2025-66446Network attack vector

Host privilege escalation via writable dynamic linker

Published Dec 11, 2025 · Updated Dec 11, 2025

Privilege escalation in 1Panel-dev MaxKB 2.3.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to gain elevated host privileges. The Python tool-execution sandbox leaves the built-in dynamic linker and other critical system files writable, allowing sandboxed code to replace them and bypass intended restrictions. A MaxKB account with tool-execution access is required; successful exploitation can compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the server.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.35%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Privilege escalation in 1Panel-dev MaxKB 2.3.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to gain elevated host privileges. The Python tool-execution sandbox leaves the built-in dynamic linker and other critical system files writable, allowing sandboxed code to replace them and bypass intended restrictions. A MaxKB account with tool-execution access is required; successful exploitation can compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the server.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-66446
Published
Dec 11, 2025
Updated
Dec 11, 2025
Vendor
KubeOperator
Product
MaxKB
Classifications
CWE-362, T1068
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.4.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

KubeOperator · MaxKBversion=< 2.4.0

Published CVSS scores

8.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-362Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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