CVE-2025-66419Network attack vector

Privilege escalation via concurrent sandbox state

Published Dec 11, 2025 · Updated Dec 11, 2025

Race condition in the MaxKB tool module before 2.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to escape the sandbox and gain service privileges. ToolExecutor captured sandbox enablement and the execution user separately in each instance while shared paths reused executors, allowing concurrent requests to run tool code without consistent sandbox controls. Low-privileged tool-execution access and overlapping execution are required, after which code gains the MaxKB service account's file and process access.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.31%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Race condition in the MaxKB tool module before 2.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to escape the sandbox and gain service privileges. ToolExecutor captured sandbox enablement and the execution user separately in each instance while shared paths reused executors, allowing concurrent requests to run tool code without consistent sandbox controls. Low-privileged tool-execution access and overlapping execution are required, after which code gains the MaxKB service account's file and process access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-66419
Published
Dec 11, 2025
Updated
Dec 11, 2025
Vendor
KubeOperator
Product
MaxKB
Classifications
CWE-362, T1068
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.4.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

KubeOperator · MaxKBversion=< 2.4.0

Published CVSS scores

10.0NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-362Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo