CVE-2025-66409

Memory exposure or crash via undersized AVRCP commands

Published Dec 2, 2025 · Updated Dec 2, 2025

Out-of-bounds reads in affected ESP-IDF releases allow physically proximate attackers to expose memory or crash ESP32 devices over Bluetooth. The BlueDroid AVRCP vendor-command handlers dereference command-specific offsets and length-derived fields before confirming that vendor_len covers them. AVRCP must be enabled on an ESP32 supporting Bluetooth Classic, or BlueDroid must be paired with a third-party Bluetooth controller.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability0.63%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds reads in affected ESP-IDF releases allow physically proximate attackers to expose memory or crash ESP32 devices over Bluetooth. The BlueDroid AVRCP vendor-command handlers dereference command-specific offsets and length-derived fields before confirming that vendor_len covers them. AVRCP must be enabled on an ESP32 supporting Bluetooth Classic, or BlueDroid must be paired with a third-party Bluetooth controller.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-66409
Published
Dec 2, 2025
Updated
Dec 2, 2025
Vendor
Espressif Systems
Product
ESP-IDF
Classifications
CWE-125, T1499.004
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 2, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=<= 5.1.6
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 5.2-beta1, <= 5.2.6
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 5.3-beta1, <= 5.3.4
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 5.4-beta1, <= 5.4.3
  5. Affected versionversion=>= 5.5-beta1, <= 5.5.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Espressif Systems · ESP-IDFversion=<= 5.1.6; version=>= 5.2-beta1, <= 5.2.6; version=>= 5.3-beta1, <= 5.3.4; version=>= 5.4-beta1, <= 5.4.3; version=>= 5.5-beta1, <= 5.5.1

Published CVSS scores

2.7GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
9.1NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo