CVE-2025-66224Network attack vector

Authenticated code execution via sendmail parameter injection

Published Nov 29, 2025 · Updated Dec 1, 2025

OS command injection in OrangeHRM Starter 5.0 through 5.7 allows remote authenticated users to write files through sendmail parameters. The mail configuration and delivery workflow embeds unconstrained user-controlled values in the operating-system sendmail command. A low-privileged authenticated account can invoke sendmail file-writing behavior; code execution requires the written file to land in a web-accessible location.

CVSS severity9.0
Critical
EPSS probability0.56%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in OrangeHRM Starter 5.0 through 5.7 allows remote authenticated users to write files through sendmail parameters. The mail configuration and delivery workflow embeds unconstrained user-controlled values in the operating-system sendmail command. A low-privileged authenticated account can invoke sendmail file-writing behavior; code execution requires the written file to land in a web-accessible location.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-66224
Published
Nov 29, 2025
Updated
Dec 1, 2025
Vendor
OrangeHRM Inc.
Product
OrangeHRM Starter
Classifications
CWE-94, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 1, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 5.0, < 5.8

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

OrangeHRM Inc. · OrangeHRM Starterversion=>= 5.0, < 5.8

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.0GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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