CVE-2025-66211Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Root command execution via unescaped init-script filename

Published Dec 23, 2025 · Updated Dec 23, 2025

OS command injection in Coolify before 4.0.0-beta.451 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands as root. PostgreSQL init-script rename and delete handlers interpolate an attacker-controlled filename into rm shell commands without escaping or metacharacter validation. Application or service management permissions and a PostgreSQL database resource are required; execution occurs on the managed host, outside containers.

CVSS severity9.4
Critical
EPSS probability2.77%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in Coolify before 4.0.0-beta.451 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands as root. PostgreSQL init-script rename and delete handlers interpolate an attacker-controlled filename into rm shell commands without escaping or metacharacter validation. Application or service management permissions and a PostgreSQL database resource are required; execution occurs on the managed host, outside containers.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-66211
Published
Dec 23, 2025
Updated
Dec 23, 2025
Vendor
coolLabs
Product
Coolify
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004, T1068
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <4.0.0-beta.451

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

coolLabs · Coolifyversion=0 <4.0.0-beta.451

Published CVSS scores

9.4GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
9.9GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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