CVE-2025-66209Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated root command execution via unescaped backup names

Published Dec 23, 2025 · Updated Dec 23, 2025

OS command injection in Coolify before 4.0.0-beta.451 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands as root via database backups. The databases_to_backup field flows from BackupEdit.php into DatabaseBackupJob.php, where database names enter pg_dump, mysqldump, mariadb-dump, and mongodump shell commands without escaping. Database backup permission is required; commands run on managed hosts with access to the Docker socket and managed infrastructure.

CVSS severity9.9
Critical
EPSS probability3.93%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

OS command injection in Coolify before 4.0.0-beta.451 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands as root via database backups. The databases_to_backup field flows from BackupEdit.php into DatabaseBackupJob.php, where database names enter pg_dump, mysqldump, mariadb-dump, and mongodump shell commands without escaping. Database backup permission is required; commands run on managed hosts with access to the Docker socket and managed infrastructure.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-66209
Published
Dec 23, 2025
Updated
Dec 23, 2025
Vendor
coolLabs
Product
Coolify
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <4.0.0-beta.451

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

coolLabs · Coolifyversion=0 <4.0.0-beta.451

Published CVSS scores

9.9GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo