CVE-2025-65855

Code execution via unauthenticated unsigned firmware updates

Published Dec 17, 2025 · Updated Dec 17, 2025

Unsigned OTA updates in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT 18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50 and earlier allow physically proximate attackers to execute code. The OTA client joins an attacker-controlled access point using credentials shared by every device, downloads firmware over HTTP, and installs it without authenticating the server or verifying a signature. Physical access long enough to hold the button for eight seconds activates OTA mode, after which malicious firmware gains arbitrary control of the emergency beacon.

CVSS severity6.6
Medium
EPSS probability0.10%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Unsigned OTA updates in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT 18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50 and earlier allow physically proximate attackers to execute code. The OTA client joins an attacker-controlled access point using credentials shared by every device, downloads firmware over HTTP, and installs it without authenticating the server or verifying a signature. Physical access long enough to hold the button for eight seconds activates OTA mode, after which malicious firmware gains arbitrary control of the emergency beacon.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-65855
Published
Dec 17, 2025
Updated
Dec 17, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-798, CWE-494, CWE-319, T1601.001
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 17, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

6.6CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-798Use of Hard-coded Credentials
CWE-494Download of Code Without Integrity Check
CWE-319Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
T1601.001Patch System Image

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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