CVE-2025-65025Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Arbitrary file write via unchecked tar paths

Published Nov 19, 2025 · Updated Nov 20, 2025

Path traversal in esm.sh before 136 allows remote attackers to write files outside the package cache through a crafted NPM tarball. extractPackageTarball strips the archive root, joins the remaining member name to pkgDir without containment validation, and opens the normalized path for truncating writes. The request needs no authentication but must supply an X-Npmrc header that points to an attacker-controlled registry; overwritten cached modules can deliver attacker code to downstream importers.

CVSS severity8.2
High
EPSS probability0.53%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Path traversal in esm.sh before 136 allows remote attackers to write files outside the package cache through a crafted NPM tarball. extractPackageTarball strips the archive root, joins the remaining member name to pkgDir without containment validation, and opens the normalized path for truncating writes. The request needs no authentication but must supply an X-Npmrc header that points to an attacker-controlled registry; overwritten cached modules can deliver attacker code to downstream importers.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-65025
Published
Nov 19, 2025
Updated
Nov 20, 2025
Vendor
esm-dev
Product
esm.sh
Classifications
CWE-22, T1195.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 19, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 20, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 136

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

esm-dev · esm.shversion=< 136

Published CVSS scores

8.2GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1195.002Compromise Software Supply Chain

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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