CVE-2025-64103Network attack vector

Account takeover via single-factor session validation

Published Oct 29, 2025 · Updated Oct 29, 2025

Improper authentication in ZITADEL's Session API allows remote authenticated users to obtain account access with only a TOTP code. TokenVerifierRepo.checkAuthentication accepted any nonempty authentication-method set unless login policy flags forced MFA, without checking whether a configured allowed second factor remained unverified. When a human user has configured MFA but requireMFA and requireMFAForLocalUsers are disabled, knowledge or guessing of the six-digit TOTP alone grants the session the user's account privileges.

CVSS severity8.7
High
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper authentication in ZITADEL's Session API allows remote authenticated users to obtain account access with only a TOTP code. TokenVerifierRepo.checkAuthentication accepted any nonempty authentication-method set unless login policy flags forced MFA, without checking whether a configured allowed second factor remained unverified. When a human user has configured MFA but requireMFA and requireMFAForLocalUsers are disabled, knowledge or guessing of the six-digit TOTP alone grants the session the user's account privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-64103
Published
Oct 29, 2025
Updated
Oct 29, 2025
Vendor
ZITADEL
Product
ZITADEL
Classifications
CWE-287, CWE-308, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 2.53.6, <= 2.53.9
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 2.54.3, <= 2.54.10
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 2.55.0, < 2.71.18
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 3.0.0-rc.1, < 3.4.3
  5. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.6.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

ZITADEL · ZITADELversion=>= 2.53.6, <= 2.53.9; version=>= 2.54.3, <= 2.54.10; version=>= 2.55.0, < 2.71.18; version=>= 3.0.0-rc.1, < 3.4.3; version=>= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.6.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-287Improper Authentication
CWE-308Use of Single-factor Authentication
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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